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Japanese Mythology

Japanese Mythology traditions, cosmology, and ancient mythology.

Region: Japanese Archipelago
Period: Kojiki compiled 712 CE
31 Recorded Entries
Historical Attestation & Living Lore
The skeleton of Japanese mythology comes from two court-commissioned histories of the eighth century, the Kojiki (712) and the Nihon Shoki (720), known together as the Kiki. Their opening books run from the parting of heaven and earth: Izanagi and Izanami churn the sea into islands, the three noble children take the sun, the moon, and the sea, the heavenly gods of Takamagahara contend with the earthly gods of Izumo, and the cycle closes with the heavenly grandson descending to rule, splicing the imperial line onto the family tree of the gods. The provincial gazetteers and the Man'yoshu anthology preserve local variants the official books left out. Alongside the myths runs the yokai tradition. Tengu, kappa, oni, and fox spirits step out of medieval tale collections and picture scrolls: the Konjaku Monogatarishu has tengu beguiling monks, the Oeyama scroll shows the demon king losing his head, and Muromachi storybooks carry Tamamo no Mae from the palace to the moors. In the Edo period Toriyama Sekien organized the creatures of hearsay into illustrated catalogues, and in 1910 Yanagita Kunio's Tono Monogatari wrote down the kappa and house spirits of northern villages as the villagers told them. Yokai live at the edges of the human world, at mountain passes, riversides, and parlors of old houses, making bargains, wrestling, playing pranks, and sometimes moving house along with the family. The system has no omniscient overlord. The eight million gods each keep their own seat, the line between god and monster stays porous, and a sword, a stone, or an old room may hold a spirit. A millennium of Shinto-Buddhist fusion left fallen monks, continental star-omens, and the archipelago's own mountain and river spirits sharing one genealogy. The twenty-year rebuilding of Ise, the night kagura of Takachiho, and the smoke-breathing serpent of Iwami kagura still perform these stories for the living.

Mythological Figures & Lore

Showing all 31 records
Ama-no-Iwato
tale

Ama-no-Iwato

Outraged by Susanoo's violence, Amaterasu sealed herself in a rock cave and the world went dark, until the gods lured her out with a mirror, jewels, and Ame-no-Uzume's wild dance.

The hidden sunOrigin of kaguraThe shimenawa rope
Amaterasu
deity

Amaterasu

The sun goddess who rules Takamagahara and heads the imperial mythic lineage; her retreat into the Heavenly Rock Cave plunged heaven and earth into darkness.

SunTakamagaharaImperial lineage
Ame-no-Nuboko
artifact

Ame-no-Nuboko

The Heavenly Jeweled Spear used by Izanagi and Izanami to churn the primordial sea and create the first Japanese islands. It is the divine tool of creation itself.

Land CreationChaos OrderingDivine Authority
Ame-no-Uzume
deity

Ame-no-Uzume

Goddess of dawn, mirth, and revelry. Her wild, comedic dance lured Amaterasu from the Heavenly Rock Cave, restoring light to the world. Ancestral deity of performing arts.

dawnrevelrydance
Benzaiten
deity

Benzaiten

Goddess of everything that flows: water, time, words, music, and knowledge. One of the Seven Lucky Gods. Originated from Hindu goddess Saraswati.

watermusiceloquence
Daikokuten
deity

Daikokuten

One of the Seven Lucky Gods. God of wealth, farmers, and the kitchen. Derived from the Hindu deity Mahakala but merged with the native kami Okuninushi in Japan.

wealthcommerceharvest
Ebisu
deity

Ebisu

One of the Seven Lucky Gods (Shichifukujin). God of fishermen, merchants, and honest labor. The only purely Japanese deity among the Seven, known for his cheerful disposition.

fishingmerchantsluck
Fujin
deity

Fujin

God of wind and air. Depicted as a demon carrying a large bag of winds. Twin to Raijin. Controls gentle breezes and destructive typhoons.

windairstorms
Hachiman
deity

Hachiman

Syncretic god of war, archery, and protector of Japan and warriors. Originally Emperor Ojin deified. Patron of the samurai clans.

wararcheryprotection
Inari
deity

Inari

Kami of rice, fertility, agriculture, industry, and prosperity. One of the most popular kami in Japan. Associated with foxes (kitsune) as messengers.

ricefertilityprosperity
Izanagi
deity

Izanagi

The male creator who stirred the sea into islands with Izanami and fathered the land and its gods; after a failed descent to the underworld, his purification produced the three noble children.

CreationIsland-makingPurification
Izanami
deity

Izanami

The goddess who bore the islands of Japan with Izanagi. Burned to death delivering the fire god, she became ruler of Yomi and vowed to strangle a thousand people each day.

CreationDeathThe underworld
Kagutsuchi
deity

Kagutsuchi

The fire god whose birth killed his mother Izanami, triggering Izanagi's descent to Yomi and the eternal separation of life and death. From his death came many kami.

firevolcanoessmithing
Kappa
creature

Kappa

A child-sized water imp with a water-filled dish atop its head, fond of cucumbers and sumo, notorious for dragging horses into rivers and stealing a ball said to reside in the human rump.

RiversSumoCucumbers
Kitsune
creature

Kitsune

Intelligent fox spirits who grow additional tails as they age, up to nine. They can be benevolent guardians or mischievous tricksters, and possess powerful shapeshifting abilities.

Forests and Inari Shrines
Kusanagi
artifact

Kusanagi

The divine sword Susanoo drew from the serpent's tail, first called Ame-no-Murakumo; renamed 'Grass-Mower' after Yamato Takeru cut his way out of a fire with it. One of the three imperial regalia, enshrined at Atsuta.

Divine swordImperial regaliaSovereignty
Okuninushi
deity

Okuninushi

The Great Land Master who built and ruled the earthly realm before ceding it to Amaterasu's descendants. God of nation-building, medicine, magic, and matchmaking. Principal deity of Izumo Grand Shrine.

nation-buildingmedicinemagic
Raijin
deity

Raijin

God of thunder, lightning, and storms. Depicted as a demon beating drums to create thunder. Works with Fujin (wind god).

thunderlightningstorms
Ryujin
deity

Ryujin

Dragon god of the sea who dwells in an underwater palace made of red and white coral. Ruler of all sea creatures and controller of the tides through his magical tide jewels.

seaoceandragons
Shuten-doji
creature

Shuten-doji

The oni king of Mount Oe who carried off noblewomen from Kyoto. Minamoto no Raiko and his four champions, disguised as mountain ascetics, drugged him with divine sake and took his head, which flew up and bit Raiko's helmet.

OniAbductionSake
Susanoo
deity

Susanoo

Amaterasu's tempestuous younger brother. Expelled from heaven, he descended to Izumo, got the eight-headed serpent drunk on strong sake, slew it, and drew the sword Kusanagi from its tail.

StormsThe seaIzumo
Takamagahara
place

Takamagahara

The celestial realm of the heavenly gods in the eighth-century chronicles, ruled by Amaterasu; the gods held council on the bed of the Tranquil River of Heaven, and Ninigi descended from here to earth.

The heavensDivine councilThe heavenly descent
Tamamo no Mae
spirit

Tamamo no Mae

A fox spirit who charmed Retired Emperor Toba as a peerless court lady; unmasked by a diviner, hunted down on the Nasu plain, she became the poison-breathing Killing Stone, later tied to the nine-tailed fox and Daji.

Fox spiritsThe courtVengeful spirits
Tengu
creature

Tengu

Red-faced, long-nosed mountain goblins in the garb of ascetic monks, wielding feather fans and given to flight and abduction; a name borrowed from a Chinese meteor omen that grew into the emblematic spirit of Japan's mountains.

MountainsSpiriting awayMartial arts
Tsukuyomi
deity

Tsukuyomi

The moon god born from Izanagi's right eye, given the realm of night. The chronicles record almost nothing of him beyond one episode: his killing of the food goddess Ukemochi.

MoonNightTime-reckoning
Yamata no Orochi
creature

Yamata no Orochi

A colossal serpent with eight heads and eight tails, its back grown over with moss and cypress, that devoured a maiden each year until Susanoo slew it drunk and found the sword Kusanagi in its tail.

SerpentRiversHuman sacrifice
Yamato Takeru
hero

Yamato Takeru

Son of Emperor Keiko who won his name killing the Kumaso chief disguised as a girl, escaped a grass fire with Kusanagi, and died after facing the god of Mount Ibuki bare-handed, becoming a white bird.

CampaignsValorDisguise
Yasakani no Magatama
artifact

Yasakani no Magatama

The Grand Jewel, one of the three Imperial Regalia representing the virtue of benevolence. This comma-shaped jewel holds the spiritual essence of imperial authority.

Benevolent BlessingImperial AuthoritySpiritual Protection
Yata no Kagami
artifact

Yata no Kagami

The Eight-Span Mirror, one of the three Imperial Regalia representing the virtue of wisdom. It was used to lure Amaterasu from the cave where she hid, restoring light to the world.

Truth ReflectionLight AttractionDivine Wisdom
Yuki-onna
spirit

Yuki-onna

A pale woman in white who appears in snowstorms and freezes travelers with her breath. In Hearn's Kwaidan she spares young Minokichi, marries him in disguise, and vanishes when he breaks his vow of silence.

SnowstormsColdTaboo
Zashiki-warashi
spirit

Zashiki-warashi

A child spirit dwelling in the parlors of old houses in northeastern Japan, heard as night footsteps and pillow-turning pranks. A house it inhabits prospers; when it leaves, the family's fortune goes with it.

The householdFortuneChildren